Song-I Yang, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
Eun Lee, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Hyun-Ju Cho, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Young-Ho Kim, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Mi-Jin Kang, MS
,
Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Yean Jung Choi, PhD
,
Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
Kil Yong Choi, MS
,
Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Eun-Ji Ahn, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Youn Ho Shin, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam CHA Hospitatl, Seoul, South Korea
Kangmo Ahn, MD, PhD
,
Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
Kyung Won Kim, MD, PhD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Dongin Suh, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Byoung-Ju Kim, MD
,
Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
So-Yeon Lee, MD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
Eun-Jin Kim, PhD
,
Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, South Korea
Soo-Jong Hong, MD, PhD
,
Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
Background:Particulate matter (PM) associated with more wheezing episodes, increased risk of asthma symptoms and respiratory tract infection in children. However, the impact of prenatal exposure to indoor PM on the health of children is poorly understood yet. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in responses induced by air pollution.
Objective: To investigate whether prenatal exposure to indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects susceptibility to wheezing in children, and to determine whether genetic factor modify this environmental effect.
Methods: The study population consisted of the 323 children with indoor PM2.5 data in a birth cohort. Recurrent wheezing was determined as 2 or more wheezing episodes diagnosed by physicians in the first 2 years of age. Indoor PM2.5 was measured during pregnancy. Genotyping for TLR4 (rs1927911) was performed by TaqMan.
Results: Prenatal indoor PM2.5 exposure increased the risk of recurrent wheezing in 2 years of age (aOR 3.52; 95% CI 1.50-8.30). TLR4 CC increased the effect of prenatal indoor PM2.5 exposure on recurrent wheezing (aOR 7.00; 95% CI 1.41-34.73; p for interaction 0.153).
Conclusion: Indoor PM2.5 exposure during the prenatal period increased susceptibility to recurrent wheezing. This effect was modified by polymorphisms in TLR4. Reducing PM2.5 exposure from the prenatal period may prevent wheezing in susceptible children.
