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3 Ach Medical University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Background: The prevalence of asthma among population of different countries of the world are 2-18%. In Mongolia, the prevalence of asthma was 2.1% in Ulaanbaatar and 1.1% in countryside villagesin 2000. Also, we were defined prevalence of asthma was 5% among adult population of UlaanbaatarIn 2010. The levels of air pollutants NO2, CO, SO2, PM20 and PM10 are significantly increasing in air of Ulaanbaatar city during the last decade and it is dependent from cold season.
Purpose: Aim of this study was to define association between the levels of air pollutants, sensitization to inhalant allergens and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Methods:We were interviewed by questionnaire from 283 subjects. We used skin prick tests 37 different inhalant allergens (AllergyLabs USA) and detected allergen specific-IgE by immunoblotting (RIDA screen, r-biopharma, Germany). The lung ventilation function were defined FEV1, FVC, PEF, FVC/FEV1 parameters of spirometer test (Spirostar USB, Medikro OY, Finland). Metacholine challenge test (MCT) were done by 5 steps nebulization (Spira electro 2 dosimeter, Finland) with 2.5 and 25 mg/ml methacholine.
Results:We were interviewed 16-60 (average age 35±12) aged 283 subjects with asthma symptoms and normal lung function by spirometer. 89.6% (95% CI: 92.4-86.9) out of subjects had positive results on MCT in winter season with air polluted by CO, SO2 and PM20.18%, 36% and 46% out of patients with positive results on MCT were severe, moderate and mild changes respectively. 68.9% out of subjects with airway hyperresponsiveness were sensitized to aeroallergens. 73.4% out of them strongly sensitized to mugwort (mean size of wheals 17±3.1 мм) and 17.7% weakly sensitized to dust mites and animal dander (mean size of wheals 9±3.6мм). 79.6% out of subjects were high level of allergen-specific IgE (mean level 4.6±1.1ml/IU) in sera of peripheral blood by the immunoblotting (RIDA screen, r-biopharma, Germany).
Conclusion: The winter season is a coldest and highest air polluted period of time by CO, SO2 and PM20 in Ulaanbaatar and it is become strongly risk factors of airway hyperresponsiveness. The sensitization to mugwort and grasses aeroallergens and the levels of NO2 pollutants were related to impact of lung function disorder and airway hyperresponsiveness.