Incidence of Allergic Diseases on Children Under 5 Years in Juarez Hospital Mexico

Allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are common disorders that have increased its prevalence over the past thirty years. Atopic diseases have a genetic basis, with expression of different phenotypes associated with chromosome 5 (5q23-25, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and GM-CSF), 6 ( molecules of class I and II human leukocyte antigen) 11 (11q13: β subunit of high affinity receptor for IgE) and 12 (12q: IFN-gamma, nitric acid synthase). Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of airway and is the most common chronic disease in children characterized by wheezing. Wheezing may occur even once it is up to 50% of all infants and children under 3 years old and topic dermatitis affecting over 10% of children. Objective To define incidence and prevalence of asthma and others allergic diseases in population of less than 5 years old of  Juarez Hospital  Mexico. RESULTS: We evaluated 11,346 allergic patients on four years period (January 2007  to December 2010). 2,396 were ≤ 5 years (21.11%); 10.2% a year old or younger, 16.7% 2 years old, 18.5% had 3 years, 24.7% of 4 years and 30% 5 years old. 992 patients (41.4%) were females and 1.404 (58.6%) male. 1238 patients (51.7%) had only one diagnostic finding as most frequent cause of consultation allergic rhinitis (59.6%), followed by asthma (23%), atopic dermatitis (5.1%), prurigo by insect (4.3 ), immunodeficiency (1.2%) the rest had various pathologies such as contact dermatitis, gastro esophageal reflux, oral allergy syndrome, and others. The remaining patients 48.3% (1158) had more than one diagnostic. The most common associations were asthma and rhinitis 716 (30%) , 72 patients (3%) with asthma and atopic dermatitis, 48 patients (2%) with some immune deficiency and asthma and/or rhinitis , 12 (0.5%) with prurigo and atopic dermatitis , 8 (0.3%) with urticaria and 11 patients (4.5%) with other diagnoses such as reflux or infections. Conclusion: Allergic diseases are common on pediatric population and children under 5 years old asthma and rhinitis is theprincipal cause of consultation.